What does social control theory propose is essential in preventing delinquency?

Social control theory posits that individuals are less likely to engage in delinquent behavior when they have a strong bond to society. This bond is typically composed of four elements: attachment (to family, friends, and community), commitment (to conventional activities and goals), involvement (in prosocial activities), and belief (in societal norms and values). When these bonds are strong, individuals have more to lose from engaging in deviant behavior and are, therefore, deterred from committing delinquent acts.

The theory emphasizes that if individuals feel connected to their community and see themselves as part of a larger social fabric, they are more likely to conform to societal norms and avoid behaviors that could lead to delinquency. The other choices, while potentially contributing to social cohesion and individual behavior, do not capture the essence of the social control theory as effectively as the bond to society does. Strong family bonds, community engagement, and strict legal punishments can all play a role in deterring delinquency, but they are primarily components of the overall societal bond rather than the central focus of social control theory.