Social disorganization theory attributes higher crime rates in certain areas to what phenomenon?

Social disorganization theory suggests that crime rates are higher in certain areas primarily due to the breakdown of social control. This theory emerged from the early 20th-century Chicago School of sociology and posits that neighborhoods characterized by unstable social structures, poverty, and a lack of community cohesion tend to have higher levels of crime. When social control is weakened, there is less oversight and fewer informal mechanisms—like community norms and shared values—that usually help regulate behavior. This absence of cohesion and social support leads to an environment where deviance can flourish, making criminal activities more likely.

In contrast, strong community ties would typically foster a sense of responsibility and mutual aid that discourages criminal behavior. Increased educational opportunities and effective juvenile programs are factors that can help reduce crime rates by providing youth with constructive outlets and pathways to success, thereby supporting rather than undermining social control.